Determining optimal municipal solid waste management scenario based on best-worst method
Abstract
Municipal solid waste (MSW) management is one of the most important issues in urban environments, especially in developing countries. In this work, a comprehensive assessment framework for MSW management is proposed to evaluate and screen the optimal scenario. The best-worst method (BWM) is utilized to determine the optimal weight of each criterion for each disposal scenario. However, the original BWM model is difficult to be solved globally. A linear model is presented to solve the model and an interval model is employed to verify the optimality of the linear model. The results indicate that the results of the linear model and interval model are consistent. A case study of MSW disposal in Qingdao City is used to demonstrate the application of the proposed method. The results indicate that a combination of landfilling, incineration technology with energy recovery facility is preferred for the current MSW management in Qingdao from the chosen criteria. The framework proposed in this work can be assisted to help the decision-makers to identify the priority sequence of MSW management scenarios.
Keyword : municipal solid waste management, multi-criteria decision analysis, scenario analysis, best-worst method
How to Cite
Li, Z., Jia, X., Jin, H., Ma, L., Xu, C., & Wei, H. (2021). Determining optimal municipal solid waste management scenario based on best-worst method. Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management, 29(2), 150-161. https://doi.org/10.3846/jeelm.2021.14843
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
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Ecer, F., & Pamucar, D. (2020). Sustainable supplier selection: a novel integrated fuzzy best worst method (F-BWM) and fuzzy CoCoSo with Bonferroni (CoCoCo’C) multi-criteria model. Journal of Cleaner Production, 266, 121981. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121981
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Khan, S., & Faisal, M. N. (2008). An analytic network process model for municipal solid waste disposal options. Waste Management, 28(9), 1500–1508. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2007.06.015
Kheybari, S., Kazemi, M., & Rezaei, J. (2019). Bioethanol facility location selection using best-worst method. Applied Energy, 242, 612–623. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.03.054
Kułakowski, K. (2015). Notes on order preservation and consistency in AHP. European Journal of Operational Research, 245(1), 333–337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2015.03.010
Lin, J., Kang, J., Khanna, N., Shi, L., Zhao, X., & Liao, J. (2018). Scenario analysis of urban GHG peak and mitigation co-benefits: A case study of Xiamen City, China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 171, 972–983. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.10.040
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Malek, J., & Desai, T. N. (2019). Prioritization of sustainable manufacturing barriers using Best Worst Method. Journal of Cleaner Production, 226, 589–600. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.04.056
National Bureau of Statistics. (2019). Collection, transportation and disposal of consumption wastes in cities. https://data.stats.gov.cn/english/easyquery.htm?cn=C01
Normile, D. (2020). China’s bold climate pledge earns praise – but is it feasible? Science, 370(6512), 17–18. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.370.6512.17
Phonphoton, N., & Pharino, C. (2019). Multi-criteria decision analysis to mitigate the impact of municipal solid waste management services during floods. Resources Conservation & Recycling, 146, 106–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2019.03.044
Pires, A., Chang, N.-B., & Martinho, G. (2011). An AHP-based fuzzy interval TOPSIS assessment for sustainable expansion of the solid waste management system in Setúbal Peninsula, Portugal. Resources Conservation & Recycling, 56(1), 7–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2011.08.004
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Ren, X., Che, Y., Yang, K., & Tao, Y. (2016). Risk perception and public acceptance toward a highly protested Waste-to-Energy facility. Waste Management, 48, 528–539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2015.10.036
Rezaei, J. (2015). Best-worst multi-criteria decision-making method. Omega, 53, 49–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omega.2014.11.009
Rezaei, J. (2016). Best-worst multi-criteria decision-making method: Some properties and a linear model. Omega, 64, 126–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omega.2015.12.001
Rezaei, J., Wang, J., & Tavasszy, L. 2015. Linking supplier development to supplier segmentation using Best Worst Method. Expert System With Application, 42(23), 9152–9164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2015.07.073
Sánchez-Monedero, M. A., Fernández-Hernández, A., Higashikawa, F. S., & Cayuela, M. L. (2018). Relationships between emitted volatile organic compounds and their concentration in the pile during municipal solid waste composting. Waste Management, 79, 179–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2018.07.041
Shahnazari, A., Rafiee, M., Rohani, A., Bhushan Nagar, B., Ebrahiminik, M. A., & Aghkhani, M. H. (2020). Identification of effective factors to select energy recovery technologies from municipal solid waste using multi-criteria decision making (MCDM): A review of thermochemical technologies. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 40, 100737. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2020.100737
Soltani, A., Hewage, K., Reza, B., & Sadiq, R. (2015). Multiple stakeholders in multi-criteria decision-making in the context of Municipal Solid Waste Management: A review. Waste Management, 35, 318–328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2014.09.010
Song, J., Sun, Y., & Jin, L. (2017). PESTEL analysis of the development of the waste-to-energy incineration industry in China. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 80, 276–289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.05.066
Sun, Y., & Li, W. (2017) The waste management system in Qingdao City: Example for modern Chinese waste management. In R. Maletz, C. Dornack, & L. Ziyang (Eds.), The handbook of environmental chemistry: Vol. 63. Source separation and recycling (pp. 31–63). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2017_25
Trindade, A. B., Palacio, J. C. E., González, A. M., Rúa Orozco, D. J., Lora, E. E. S., Renó, M. L. G., & del Olmo, O. A. (2018). Advanced exergy analysis and environmental assesment of the steam cycle of an incineration system of municipal solid waste with energy recovery. Energy Conversion and Management, 157, 195–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2017.11.083
Van de Kaa, G., Kamp, L., & Rezaei, J. (2017). Selection of biomass thermochemical conversion technology in the netherlands: A best worst method approach. Journal of Cleaner Production, 166, 32–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.07.052
Vasco-Correa, J., Khanal, S., Manandhar, A., & Shah, A. (2018). Anaerobic digestion for bioenergy production: Global status, environmental and techno-economic implications, and government policies. Bioresource Technology, 247, 1015–1026. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2017.09.004
Vego, G., Kučar-Dragičević, S., & Koprivanac, N. (2008). Application of multi-criteria decision-making on strategic municipal solid waste management in Dalmatia, Croatia. Waste Management, 28(11), 2192–2201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2007.10.002
Vučijak, B., Kurtagić, S. M., & Silajdžić, I. (2016). Multicriteria decision making in selecting best solid waste management scenario: a municipal case study from Bosnia and Herzegovina. Journal of Cleaner Production, 130, 166–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.11.030
Wang, P., Hu, Y., & Cheng, H. (2019). Municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration fly ash as an important source of heavy metal pollution in china. Environmental Pollution, 252, 461– 475. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.04.082
Wang, Z., Ren, J., Goodsite, M. E., & Xu, G. (2018). Waste-toenergy, municipal solid waste treatment, and best available technology: Comprehensive evaluation by an interval-valued fuzzy multi-criteria decision making method. Journal of Cleaner Production, 172, 887–899. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.10.184
Wei, Y., Li, J., Shi, D., Liu, G., Zhao, Y., & Shimaoka, T. (2017). Environmental challenges impeding the composting of biodegradable municipal solid waste: A critical review. Resources Conservation & Recycling, 122, 51–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2017.01.024
Wienchol, P., Szlęk, A., & Ditaranto, M. (2020). Waste-to-energy technology integrated with carbon capture – Challenges and opportunities. Energy, 198, 117352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2020.117352
Yap, H. Y., & Nixon, J. D. (2015). A multi-criteria analysis of options for energy recovery from municipal solid waste in India and the UK. Waste Management, 46, 265–277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2015.08.002
Zhao, Z., Bian, R., Zhao, F., & Chai, X. (2020). Implications of municipal solid waste disposal methods in China on greenhouse gas emissions. Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy, 39(3), e13372. https://doi.org/10.1002/ep.13372
Ali, Y., Aslam, Z., Dar, H. S., & Mumtaz, U. (2018). A multicriteria decision analysis of solid waste treatment options in Pakistan: Lahore City – a case in point. Environment Systems and Decisions, 38(4), 528–543. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10669-018-9672-y
Arıkan, E., Şimşit-Kalender, Z. T., & Vayvay, Ö. (2017). Solid waste disposal methodology selection using multi-criteria decision making methods and an application in Turkey. Journal of Cleaner Production, 142, 403–412. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.10.054
Assamoi, B., & Lawryshyn, Y. (2012). The environmental comparison of landfilling vs. incineration of MSW accounting for waste diversion. Waste Management, 32(5), 1019–1030. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2011.10.023
Chai, X., Tonjes, D. J., & Mahajan, D. (2016). Methane emissions as energy reservoir: Context, scope, causes and mitigation strategies. Progress in Energy & Combustion Science, 56, 33–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2016.05.001
Coban, A., Ertis, I. F., & Cavdaroglu, N. A. (2018). Municipal solid waste management via multi-criteria decision making methods: A case study in Istanbul, Turkey. Journal of Cleaner Production, 180, 159–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.01.130
Dhar, H., Kumar, P., Kumar, S., Mukherjee, S., & Vaidya, A. N. (2016). Effect of organic loading rate during anaerobic digestion of municipal solid waste. Bioresource Technology, 217, 56–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2015.12.004
Ecer, F., & Pamucar, D. (2020). Sustainable supplier selection: a novel integrated fuzzy best worst method (F-BWM) and fuzzy CoCoSo with Bonferroni (CoCoCo’C) multi-criteria model. Journal of Cleaner Production, 266, 121981. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121981
Fan, Y. V., Klemeš, J. J., Lee, C. T., & Perry, S. (2018). Anaerobic digestion of municipal solid waste: Energy and carbon emission footprint. Journal of Environmental Management, 223, 888–897. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.07.005
Ghosh, P., Thakur, I. S., & Kaushik, A. (2017). Bioassays for toxicological risk assessment of landfill leachate: A review. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 141, 259–270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.03.023
He, J., & Lin, B. (2019). Assessment of waste incineration power with considerations of subsidies and emissions in China. Energy Policy, 126, 190–199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2018.11.025
He, P., Chen, L., Shao, L., Zhang, H., & Lü, F. (2019). Municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill: A source of microplastics? Evidence of microplastics in landfill leachate. Water Research, 159, 38–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.04.060
Herva, M., & Roca, E. (2013). Ranking municipal solid waste treatment alternatives based on ecological footprint and multi-criteria analysis. Ecological Indicators, 25, 77–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.09.005
Hokkanen, J., & Salminen, P. (1997). Choosing a solid waste management system using multicriteria decision analysis. European Journal of Operational Research, 98(1), 19–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-2217(95)00325-8
Hung, M.-L., Ma, H.-w., & Yang, W.-F. (2007). A novel sustainable decision making model for municipal solid waste management. Waste Management, 27(2), 209–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2006.01.008
Jara-Samaniego, J., Pérez-Murcia, M. D., Bustamante, M. A., Pérez-Espinosa, A., Paredes, C., López, M., López-Lluch, D. B., Gavilanes-Terán, I., & Moral, R. (2017). Composting as sustainable strategy for municipal solid waste management in the Chimborazo Region, Ecuador: Suitability of the obtained composts for seedling production. Journal of Cleaner Production, 141, 1349–1358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.09.178
Jia, X., Wang, S., Li, Z., Wang, F., Tan, R. R., & Qian, Y. (2018). Pinch analysis of GHG mitigation strategies for municipal solid waste management: A case study on Qingdao City. Journal of Cleaner Production, 174, 933–944. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.10.274
Kan, B. (2017). Study on treatment status, physical and chemical characteristics and disposal methods of municipal solid waste in Qingdao [Master thesis, Qingdao University]. Qingdao, China.
Khan, S., & Faisal, M. N. (2008). An analytic network process model for municipal solid waste disposal options. Waste Management, 28(9), 1500–1508. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2007.06.015
Kheybari, S., Kazemi, M., & Rezaei, J. (2019). Bioethanol facility location selection using best-worst method. Applied Energy, 242, 612–623. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.03.054
Kułakowski, K. (2015). Notes on order preservation and consistency in AHP. European Journal of Operational Research, 245(1), 333–337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2015.03.010
Lin, J., Kang, J., Khanna, N., Shi, L., Zhao, X., & Liao, J. (2018). Scenario analysis of urban GHG peak and mitigation co-benefits: A case study of Xiamen City, China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 171, 972–983. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.10.040
Luo, C., Ju, Y., Gonzalez, E. D. R. S., Dong, P., & Wang, A. (2020). The waste-to-energy incineration plant site selection based on hesitant fuzzy linguistic best-worst method anp and double parameters topsis approach: A case study in china. Energy, 211, 118564. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2020.118564
Malek, J., & Desai, T. N. (2019). Prioritization of sustainable manufacturing barriers using Best Worst Method. Journal of Cleaner Production, 226, 589–600. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.04.056
National Bureau of Statistics. (2019). Collection, transportation and disposal of consumption wastes in cities. https://data.stats.gov.cn/english/easyquery.htm?cn=C01
Normile, D. (2020). China’s bold climate pledge earns praise – but is it feasible? Science, 370(6512), 17–18. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.370.6512.17
Phonphoton, N., & Pharino, C. (2019). Multi-criteria decision analysis to mitigate the impact of municipal solid waste management services during floods. Resources Conservation & Recycling, 146, 106–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2019.03.044
Pires, A., Chang, N.-B., & Martinho, G. (2011). An AHP-based fuzzy interval TOPSIS assessment for sustainable expansion of the solid waste management system in Setúbal Peninsula, Portugal. Resources Conservation & Recycling, 56(1), 7–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2011.08.004
Qingdao Ecological Environment Bureau. (2018). Qingdao urban environmental master plan (2016–2030). www.qingdao.gov.cn/n172/upload/180423171619664772/180423171619170240.pdf
Qingdao Municipal Statistics Bureau. (2019). Qingdao Statistical Yearbook. http://qdtj.qingdao.gov.cn/n28356045/upload/190910092001271817/191220144528724676.pdf
Ren, X., Che, Y., Yang, K., & Tao, Y. (2016). Risk perception and public acceptance toward a highly protested Waste-to-Energy facility. Waste Management, 48, 528–539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2015.10.036
Rezaei, J. (2015). Best-worst multi-criteria decision-making method. Omega, 53, 49–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omega.2014.11.009
Rezaei, J. (2016). Best-worst multi-criteria decision-making method: Some properties and a linear model. Omega, 64, 126–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omega.2015.12.001
Rezaei, J., Wang, J., & Tavasszy, L. 2015. Linking supplier development to supplier segmentation using Best Worst Method. Expert System With Application, 42(23), 9152–9164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2015.07.073
Sánchez-Monedero, M. A., Fernández-Hernández, A., Higashikawa, F. S., & Cayuela, M. L. (2018). Relationships between emitted volatile organic compounds and their concentration in the pile during municipal solid waste composting. Waste Management, 79, 179–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2018.07.041
Shahnazari, A., Rafiee, M., Rohani, A., Bhushan Nagar, B., Ebrahiminik, M. A., & Aghkhani, M. H. (2020). Identification of effective factors to select energy recovery technologies from municipal solid waste using multi-criteria decision making (MCDM): A review of thermochemical technologies. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 40, 100737. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2020.100737
Soltani, A., Hewage, K., Reza, B., & Sadiq, R. (2015). Multiple stakeholders in multi-criteria decision-making in the context of Municipal Solid Waste Management: A review. Waste Management, 35, 318–328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2014.09.010
Song, J., Sun, Y., & Jin, L. (2017). PESTEL analysis of the development of the waste-to-energy incineration industry in China. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 80, 276–289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.05.066
Sun, Y., & Li, W. (2017) The waste management system in Qingdao City: Example for modern Chinese waste management. In R. Maletz, C. Dornack, & L. Ziyang (Eds.), The handbook of environmental chemistry: Vol. 63. Source separation and recycling (pp. 31–63). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2017_25
Trindade, A. B., Palacio, J. C. E., González, A. M., Rúa Orozco, D. J., Lora, E. E. S., Renó, M. L. G., & del Olmo, O. A. (2018). Advanced exergy analysis and environmental assesment of the steam cycle of an incineration system of municipal solid waste with energy recovery. Energy Conversion and Management, 157, 195–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2017.11.083
Van de Kaa, G., Kamp, L., & Rezaei, J. (2017). Selection of biomass thermochemical conversion technology in the netherlands: A best worst method approach. Journal of Cleaner Production, 166, 32–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.07.052
Vasco-Correa, J., Khanal, S., Manandhar, A., & Shah, A. (2018). Anaerobic digestion for bioenergy production: Global status, environmental and techno-economic implications, and government policies. Bioresource Technology, 247, 1015–1026. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2017.09.004
Vego, G., Kučar-Dragičević, S., & Koprivanac, N. (2008). Application of multi-criteria decision-making on strategic municipal solid waste management in Dalmatia, Croatia. Waste Management, 28(11), 2192–2201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2007.10.002
Vučijak, B., Kurtagić, S. M., & Silajdžić, I. (2016). Multicriteria decision making in selecting best solid waste management scenario: a municipal case study from Bosnia and Herzegovina. Journal of Cleaner Production, 130, 166–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.11.030
Wang, P., Hu, Y., & Cheng, H. (2019). Municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration fly ash as an important source of heavy metal pollution in china. Environmental Pollution, 252, 461– 475. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.04.082
Wang, Z., Ren, J., Goodsite, M. E., & Xu, G. (2018). Waste-toenergy, municipal solid waste treatment, and best available technology: Comprehensive evaluation by an interval-valued fuzzy multi-criteria decision making method. Journal of Cleaner Production, 172, 887–899. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.10.184
Wei, Y., Li, J., Shi, D., Liu, G., Zhao, Y., & Shimaoka, T. (2017). Environmental challenges impeding the composting of biodegradable municipal solid waste: A critical review. Resources Conservation & Recycling, 122, 51–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2017.01.024
Wienchol, P., Szlęk, A., & Ditaranto, M. (2020). Waste-to-energy technology integrated with carbon capture – Challenges and opportunities. Energy, 198, 117352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2020.117352
Yap, H. Y., & Nixon, J. D. (2015). A multi-criteria analysis of options for energy recovery from municipal solid waste in India and the UK. Waste Management, 46, 265–277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2015.08.002
Zhao, Z., Bian, R., Zhao, F., & Chai, X. (2020). Implications of municipal solid waste disposal methods in China on greenhouse gas emissions. Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy, 39(3), e13372. https://doi.org/10.1002/ep.13372