The potential soil organic carbon stocks in mangrove areas of Sinjai District, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Abstract
The soil pool is the primary sink for carbon in mangrove wetlands and plays a major role in mitigating climate change. However, aquaculture pond expansions go further to disrupt carbon storage in mangroves. The aim of this study is to estimate the stock of soil organic carbon (SOC) in the mangrove area of South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The mangroves of Sinjai District in South Sulawesi are a disturbed region with no previous study on SOC stock. We implemented a line transect method at five study sites, collected 15 soil cores at a depth of 0–15 cm, 15–30 cm, and 30–50 cm, and performed soil analysis using the Loss on Ignition method. We find that the mean value of SOC stock is 413.10±12.37 Mg C ha–1. More attention to the conservation and restoration of lost mangrove areas is a high priority. It may also increase the stock of SOC to mitigate climate change. This study will help to preserve the remaining mangroves.
Keyword : coastal blue carbon, climate change mitigation, disturbed mangroves, mangrove soil properties
How to Cite
Malik, A., Ichsan Ali, M., Annas, S., Jalil, A. R., Mulya, R. U., & Gravani, K. (2022). The potential soil organic carbon stocks in mangrove areas of Sinjai District, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management, 30(3), 450–456. https://doi.org/10.3846/jeelm.2022.17638
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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Alongi, D. M., Murdiyarso, D., Fourqurean, J. W., Kauffman, J. B., Hutahaen, A., Crooks, S., Lovelock, C. E., Howard, J., Herr, D., Fortes, M., Pidgeon, E., & Wagey, T. (2015). Indonesia’s blue carbon: a globally significant and vulnerable sink for seagrass and mangrove carbon. Wetland Ecology Management, 24, 3–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11273-015-9446-y
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BPS Kabupaten Sinjai. (2017). Kabupaten Sinjai dalam angka 2016. Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Sinjai. https://sinjaikab.bps.go.id/frontend/index.php/ publikasi/128
Bukoski, J. J., Elwin, A., MacKenzie, R. A., Sharma, S., Purbopuspito, J., Kopania, B., Apwong, M., Poolsiri, R., & Potts, M. D. (2020). The role of predictive model data in designing mangrove forest carbon programs. Environmental Research Letters, 15(8), 084019. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab7e4e
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Chmura, G. L., Anisfeld, S. C., Cahoon, D. R., & Lynch, J. C. (2003). Global carbon sequestration in tidal, saline wetland soils. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 17(4), 1111. https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GB001917
Cuc, N. T. K., Ninomiya, I., Long, N. T., Tri, N. H., Tuan, M. S., & Hong, P. N. (2009). Belowground carbon accumulation in young Kandelia candel (L.) Blanco plantations in Thai Binh River Mouth, Northern Vietnam. International Journal of Ecology & Development, 12(W09), 107–117.
Dariah, A., Maftuah, E., & Maswar. (2012). Karakteristik lahan gambut. In Panduan pengelolaan berkelanjutan lahan gambut terdegradasi (pp. 17–29). Balai Penelitian Tanah (Balittanah), Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian, Kementerian Pertanian. http://balittanah.litbang.pertanian.go.id/ind/dokumentasi/panduan%20gambut/03ai_karakteristik.pdf
Donato, D. C., Kauffman, J. B., Murdiyarso, D., Kurnianto, S., Stidham, M., & Kanninen, M. (2011). Mangroves among the most carbon-rich forests in the tropics. Nature Geoscience, 4, 293–297. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1123
Dorji, T., Odeh, I. O. A., & Field, D. J. (2014). Vertical distribution of soil organic carbon density in relation to land use/cover, altitude and slope aspect in the Eastern Himalayas. Land, 3, 1234–1250. https://doi.org/10.3390/land3041232
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Friess, D. A., Krauss, K. W., Taillardat, P., Adame, M. F., Yando, E. S., Cameron, C., Sasmito, S. D., & Sillanpää, M. (2020). Mangrove blue carbon in the face of deforestation, climate change, and restoration. Annual Plant Reviews online, 427–456. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119312994.apr0752
Giesen, W., Baltzer, M., & Baruadi, R. (Eds.). (1991). Integrating conservation with land-use development in wetlands of South Sulawesi. PHPA/AWB (Asian Wetland Bureau), Bogor.
Hamilton, S. E., & Friess, D. (2018). Global carbon stocks and potential emissions due to mangrove deforestation from 2000 to 2012. Nature Climate Change, 4, 240–244. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-018-0090-4
Hong Tinh, P., Thi Hong Hanh, N., Van Thanh, V., Sy Tuan, M., Van Quang, P., Sharma, S., & MacKenzie, R. A. (2020). A comparison of soil car-bon stocks of intact and restored mangrove forests in northern Vietnam. Forests, 11(6), 660. https://doi.org/10.3390/f11060660
Hopkinson, C. S., Cai, W. J., & Hu, X. (2012). Carbon sequestration in wetland dominated coastal systems – a global sink of rapidly diminishing mag-nitude. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 4, 186–194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2012.03.005
Hossain, M. D., & Nuruddin, A. A. (2016). Soil and mangrove: A review. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 9, 198–207. https://doi.org/10.3923/jest.2016.198.207
Howard, J., Hoyt, S., Isensee, K., Telszewski, M., & Pidgeon, E. (Eds.). (2014). Coastal blue carbon: Methods for assessing carbon stocks and emis-sions factors in mangroves, tidal salt marshes, and seagrasses. Conservation International, Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, International Union for Conservation of Nature, Arlington, Virginia, USA.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (2014). 2013 Supplement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories: Wet-lands. http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/wetlands/
Jennerjahn, T. C. (2020). Relevance and magnitude of ‘Blue Carbon’ storage in mangrove sediments: Carbon accumulation rates vs. stocks, sources vs. sinks. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 247, 107027. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2020.107027
Kauffman, J. B., & Donato, D. C. (2012). Protocols for the measurement, monitoring and reporting of structure, biomass and carbon stocks in man-grove forests (Working Paper No. 86). CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia.
Kauffman, J. B., Heider, C., Cole, T. G., Dwire, K. A., & Donato D. C. (2011). Ecosystem carbon stocks of Micronesia mangrove forests. Wetlands, 31, 343–352. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-011-0148-9
Kauffman, J. B., Heider, C., Norfolk, J., & Payton, F. (2014). Carbon stocks of intact mangroves and carbon emissions arising from their conversion in Dominican Republic. Ecological Application, 24, 518–527. https://doi.org/10.1890/13-0640.1
Kusumaningtyas, M. A., Hutahaean, A. A., Fischer, H. W., Pérez-Mayo, M., Ransby, D., & Jennerjahn, T. C. (2019). Variability in the organic carbon stocks, sources, and accumulation rates of Indonesian mangrove ecosystems. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 218, 310–323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2018.12.007
Lunstrum, A., & Chen, L. (2014). Soil carbon stocks and accumulation in young mangrove forests. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 75, 223–232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.04.008
Mahasani, I. G. A. I., Karang, I. W. G., & Hendrawan, I. G. (2016, Juli 27). Karbon organik di bawah permukaan tanah pada kawasan rehabilitasi man-grove, taman hutan rakyat Ngurah Rai, Bali. In Prosiding Seminar Nasional Kelautan 2016 (pp. 33–42), Universitas Trunojoyo Madura. http://ilmukelautan.trunojoyo.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/6_Prosiding_semnaskel_2016.pdf
Malik, A., & Rahim, A. (2017). Assessment of potentials for payment for mangrove ecosystem services in South Sulawesi Indonesia (Final Report DIPA Biotrop 2017). Southeast Asian Regional Centre for Tropical Biology (SEAMEO BIOTROP), Bogor, West Java.
Malik, A., Fensholt, R., & Mertz, O. (2015). Mangrove exploitation effects on biodiversity and ecosystem services. Biodiversity & Conservation, 24, 3543–3557. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-015-1015-4
Malik, A., Jalil, A. R., Arifuddin, A., & Syahmuddin, A. (2020). Biomass carbon stocks estimation in the mangrove rehabilitated area of Sinjai District, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Geography, Environment, Sustainability, 13(3), 32–38. https://doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2019-131
Malik, A., Mertz, O., & Fensholt, R. (2017). Mangrove forest decline: Consequences for livelihoods and environment in South Sulawesi. Regional Environmental Change, 17, 157–169. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-016-0989-0
Murdiyarso, D., Purbopuspito, J., Kauffman, J. B., Warren, M., Sasmito, S., Donato, D., Manuri, S., Krisnawati, H., Taberima, S., & Kurnianto, S. (2015). The potential of Indonesian mangrove forests for global climate change mitigation. Nature Climate Change, 5, 1089–1092. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2734
Nam, V. N., Sasmito, S. D., Murdiyarso, D., Purbopuspito, J., & MacKenzie, R. A. (2016). Carbon stocks in artificially and naturally regenerated man-grove ecosystems in the Mekong Delta. Wetlands Ecology Management, 24, 231–244. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11273-015-9479-2
Nguyen, H. T., Yoneda, R., Ninomiya, I., Harada, K., Van Dao, T., Sy, T. M., & Phan, H. N. (2004). The effects of stand-age and inundation on car-bon accumulation in mangrove plantation soil in Namdinh, Northern Vietnam. Tropics, 14(1), 21–37. https://doi.org/10.3759/tropics.14.21
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